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• There are a variety of oil seals used in a variety of applications to help close the space between a stationary and a moving part.  By closing the space it prevents any lubricants from escaping.  Additionally, oil seals help create a seal that prevents any contaminants from entering machinery which can cause a host of problems.  Mechanical equipment and machinery require different size or type oil seals to ensure that there is a superior and precise seal.  Because oil seals help reduce contamination or mixing of materials it prolongs the life of machinery and helps ensure a more reliable performance.

• This should be h8 (seals are designed to suit shafts with a tolerance of h8).

• In different applications like tyres, belts, and oil seals, situations where resistance to fatigue with improved life span is desired, and in gaskets, and electronic and electrical equipment, conventional type rubbers are reinforced with filler materials to enhance their physical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Compared to the conventional rubber/rubber composite-reinforced fillers, the addition of nanomaterials has gained extra attention in recent years, and these are called nanocomposites [40,61]. Nanomaterials have unique properties which are changed due to their size reduction in any one dimension, like chemical (reactivity or catalysis), thermal (melting temperature), electronic (electrical conductivity), optical (scattering or absorption of light), or magnetic (magnetization) properties [40]. Among various types of nanomaterials, CNTs are one of the most attractive reinforcements used in the rubber nanocomposites, due to their high aspect ratio, flexibility, diameter in the nano range, and physical, mechanical, and electrical properties along the axis of the tube. MWCNTs have greater advantages than SWCNTs or DWCNTs in the range of possible industrial applications and low production cost, which can also provide similar composite properties [40,62,63]. In nanocomposites, uniform dispersion of the CNTs plays a very important role in increasing the properties of the developed material. This is because of the bonding between the nanotubes being very high and ending up in a cluster formation [63]. In recent research, MWCNTs/SWCNTs were used as reinforcements and mixed with caoutchouc or natural rubber matrix material to obtain an MWCNT/SWCNT–natural rubber nanocomposite (nanostructures), by adding the CNTs into a polymer solution like acetone, dimethyl formamide, toluene, or tetrahydrofuran and mixing either by high-energy sonication, magnetic agitation, or mechanical mixing. Simultaneously, in addition to the poor solution, the solvent gets evaporated and obtains better dispersion of nanotubes. It is a better method to achieve uniform dispersion and distribution of nanotubes into the matrix material. One major constraint for this method is neglecting the improper solubility of polymer into the solvent to carry out the next process [40]. Also, MWCNTs improved the mechanical and electrical properties of other types of rubbers, such as chloroprene, acrylonitrile–butadiene, styrene butadiene rubber, and ethylene–propylene–diene monomer [62].

• Felt seals are made from felted wool or synthetic materials and are used in applications where low-speed and low-pressure sealing is required. These seals are cost-effective and easy to install, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.
• As industries strive for sustainability and operational excellence, the innovation surrounding framework oil seals continues. Advanced materials and designs promise improved resilience against extreme temperatures and chemical exposure. Additionally, new diagnostic tools allow for predictive maintenance, identifying seal degradation before it leads to catastrophic failure.
• 2. Chemical resistance High temperature rubber gaskets are resistant to a wide range of chemicals, ensuring long-lasting performance in various applications.

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• In modern engines, the role of spark plugs has evolved with technological advancements. Many now feature multiple spark capabilities, igniting the fuel mixture more effectively and efficiently, leading to cleaner emissions and better fuel efficiency. Some even have built-in sensors that provide real-time data to the engine control unit, enabling advanced diagnostics and precision tuning.